<p>Knowing these 5 types of wine and their characteristics will help you navigate a wine menu with confidence and poise. From red to white, sweet to dry, learn about the various types of wine to help you make informed choices.</p>


Knowing these 5 types of wine and their characteristics will help you navigate a wine menu with confidence and poise. From red to white, sweet to dry, learn about the various types of wine to help you make informed choices.


5 Different Types of Wine

<p>Welcome to Beja, the southern frontier of Portugal&#39;s Alentejo wine region. A land where summer temperatures regularly hit 135ºF (57ºC). A land of survival, resilience, and tradition. And at the center of it all? An ancient winemaking vessel called the talha.</p>
<p>These massive clay pots (some taller than a human) have been used in Portugal since Roman times. And while the technique was nearly lost to modernization, today, talha wines are some of the most exciting (and unexpected) in Europe.</p>
<h2 id="beja-portugals-wild-south">Beja: Portugal&#39;s Wild South</h2>
<p>To understand talha wines, you have to understand Beja.</p>
<p>This is the <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/what-wines-to-drink-from-portugal-by-region/">southern slice of Alentejo</a>, home to subregions like Vidigueira, Moura, and Granja-Amareleja. The terrain is rugged, dry, and sun-scorched. In August, stepping outside is like opening an oven door. And yet, this extreme climate produces surprisingly elegant wines, if you know where to look.</p>
<p>Some grapes, such as Moreto (a local red variety similar to <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/pinot-noir/">Pinot Noir</a> and <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/grenache/">Grenache</a>) and Perrum (a white variety), have adapted to thrive in these harsh conditions. They ripen fully while maintaining freshness; a rare feat in such heat. And when you ferment them in a talha, something magical happens.</p>
<p><img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/2xPaldc4q75gFuwE3vsQ0c/cb963ccad557f0e316672f4a8cc09dfb/Talhas_at_Rocim_Winery_in_Southern_Alentejo._Credit.jpg" alt="Talhas at Rocim Winery in Southern Alentejo. ">
Talhas at Rocim Winery in Southern Alentejo. <a href="https://rocim.pt/produto/amphora-wine-tour/">Credit</a></p>
<h2 id="what-is-talha-wine-exactly">What Is Talha Wine, Exactly?</h2>
<p>Think of a talha as Portugal&#39;s version of the <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/concrete-egg-fermenters-classic-or-cracked-fad/">amphora</a>: a giant clay vessel used to ferment and sometimes age wine. But these aren&#39;t just historical novelties. Talha winemaking is still alive in parts of Beja, especially Vidigueira, where some winemakers ferment wine exactly as the Romans did.</p>
<p>The process is simple, but not easy:</p>
<ul>
<li>Whole grapes are crushed and placed directly into the talha</li>
<li>Fermentation happens naturally (no temperature control, no fancy tools)</li>
<li>Gases must be released by stirring (or risk a clay explosion)</li>
<li>Some winemakers even leave the wine on skins for months</li>
</ul>
<p>The result? Wines that are textured, <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/what-are-wine-tannins/">tannic</a>, earthy, and deeply tied to their place. They taste old, in a good way.</p>
<p><img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/2AFixfrhvMIsZrY4x1e9CR/e3bfbea18814c6f52efe0ad049a104b3/Wine_Folly%C3%A2__s_Madeline_Puckette_tastes_Talhas_wine_at_Honrado_Vineyards.jpg" alt="Wine Folly’s Madeline Puckette tastes Talhas wine at Honrado Vineyards">
Wine Folly’s Madeline Puckette tastes Talhas wine at Honrado Vineyards</p>
<h2 id="talha-is-tradition-but-its-also-innovation">Talha Is Tradition, But It&#39;s Also Innovation</h2>
<p>In Granja-Amareleja, Wine Folly&#39;s co-founder, Madeline Puckette, met José Piteira, a winemaker with a tiny plot of old-vine ungrafted Moreto. He pours his latest vintage, made entirely in talha.</p>
<p>It&#39;s fresh, lifted, and shockingly lithe, especially considering these vines see more heat than Death Valley. &quot;After 15 years and tens of thousands of wines tasted… I&#39;ve never had a Moreto before. Honestly, I&#39;m impressed. Moreto is worth saving, hands down.&quot;</p>
<p>Meanwhile, at Herdade do Peso, one of Portugal&#39;s larger producers, tradition meets sustainability. In the face of rising alcohol levels, they did something radical: They reforested 40% of their vineyard estate.</p>
<p>The trees cool the land, reduce evaporation, and create microclimates. And it&#39;s working:</p>
<ul>
<li>In 2012: Wines bottled at 15.5% ABV</li>
<li>In 2023: Wines bottled at 13–13.5% ABV</li>
</ul>
<p>Sometimes, looking back is how you move forward.</p>
<h2 id="how-to-find-talha-wines">How To Find Talha Wines</h2>
<p>If you want to taste this ancient tradition, look for wines labeled &quot;Vinho de Talha DOC.&quot; These wines are often field blends of indigenous varieties, fermented in clay, and made by small-scale producers across Beja, especially near Vidigueira.</p>
<p>Talha wines don&#39;t taste like anything else. They&#39;re not fruity bombs. They&#39;re not buttery oaks. They&#39;re textural, soulful, and often a little funky. They speak softly, but carry centuries of wisdom.</p>
<p>In a world full of stainless steel and barrique, talhas are a reminder: Sometimes, the future of wine lies in the past.</p>


The Clay Revolution in Alentejo

<p>Texas Hill Country might just be the wine region you didn’t know you needed to know. Tucked away in central Texas, this <a href="https://texashillcountry.guides.winefolly.com/regions/">sprawling AVA</a> blends rugged charm with serious winemaking chops. With over 100 wineries (and counting), it’s a place where Southern hospitality meets a surprisingly sophisticated glass of wine.</p>
<p>Think bold Tempranillo, zesty Roussanne, and even some <a href="https://texashillcountry.guides.winefolly.com/wines/">experimental blends</a> that turn heads. Thanks to high elevation, intense sun, and cool nighttime temps, the wines here show unexpected finesse—ripe, but structured, with a real sense of place. Add in <a href="https://texashillcountry.guides.winefolly.com/terroir/">limestone-rich soils</a> and a crew of passionate, pioneering winemakers, and you’ve got a region that’s quietly rewriting the American wine story.</p>
<p>Curious? Dive into Wine Folly&#39;s <a href="https://texashillcountry.guides.winefolly.com">Texas Hill Country Region Guide</a> to understand why this wild, sun-soaked landscape is becoming one of the most exciting wine frontiers in the U.S.</p>


Guide to Texas Hill Country Wine

<p>Portugal’s Alentejo region could be the last wild wine frontier in Europe. Because <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/what-wines-to-drink-from-portugal-by-region/">the region</a> didn&#39;t invest in international varieties (you know, like <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/cabernet-sauvignon/">Cabernet Sauvignon</a> and <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/chardonnay/">Chardonnay</a>), it now specializes in rare, native grapes. </p>
<p>Here’s a closer look at the major grapes that define Alentejo’s unique wine identity.</p>
<h3 id="avant-tejo-blends">&quot;Avant Tejo&quot; Blends</h3>
<ul>
<li>A popular red wine style that emerged in Alentejo that blends the local and indigenous wine varieties such as <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/alicante-bouschet/">Alicante Bouschet</a> and Trincadeira, but is crafted in a modern way, much like Bordeaux.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="antão-vaz">Antão Vaz</h3>
<ul>
<li>Indigenous to the southern parts of Alentejo (called &quot;Beja&quot;) and especially prominent in Vidigueira.</li>
<li>As a white wine it&#39;s exceptionally well-suited to the region’s hot, dry climate; highly resistant to drought and disease.</li>
<li>Expect fuller-bodied white wines with notes of pineapple, citrus, and floral nuances. When it&#39;s made in Talha (<a href="https://winefolly.com/lifestyle/a-brief-illustrated-history-of-wine/">an ancient amphora</a>) it&#39;s even richer!</li>
<li>Antão Vaz is often blended with Arinto or Roupeiro for added acidity and structure.
Perfect for those who enjoy complex, <a href="https://winefolly.com/wine-pairing/getting-started-with-food-and-wine-pairing/">food-friendly whites</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/U6toUw42VPH6oSQgg996P/8acfb7b6ab9287a5ac79f7c1d3c7d6d8/Mapped-Wine-Folly-Wine-Cycling-Show-Madeline-Puckette.jpg" alt="Mapped-Wine-Folly-Wine-Cycling-Show-Madeline-Puckette">
David Gluzman and Madeline Puckette explore Alentejo’s wine frontier by bike.</p>
<h3 id="arinto">Arinto</h3>
<ul>
<li>A versatile white grape grown throughout Portugal, valued in Alentejo for its ability to retain acidity in warm climates.</li>
<li>Wines are vibrant, with lively acidity, strong mineral character, and flavors of green apple, lime, and lemon.</li>
<li>Frequently used in blends to “lift” other varieties, but it shines as a single varietal wine. </li>
<li>Look around Évora and Portalegre for some of the freshest examples.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="alicante-bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</h3>
<ul>
<li>A rare “teinturier” grape with red flesh, producing wines of intense color and body.</li>
<li>Thrives in Alentejo’s climate, often made as a single-varietal wine or used to add depth to blends.</li>
<li>Wines are full-bodied with <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/what-are-wine-tannins/">firm tannins</a>, moderate acidity, and flavors of dark berries and earthy undertones.</li>
<li>Known for its <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/how-wines-age/">aging potential</a> and appeal to those who love bold, concentrated reds.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="touriga-nacional">Touriga Nacional</h3>
<ul>
<li>Widely regarded as Portugal’s finest red grape; originally from the north but now thriving in Alentejo.</li>
<li>Produces deeply colored, structured wines with rich tannins, floral and fruity aromas (black currant and violet).</li>
<li>Perfect for those seeking intense, complex reds with elegance.</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/1TUvAdZ48UmtZc4AYHdIZl/75d43d29d4f23a990668bc97eaf791de/Portugl-Alentejo-Wine-Varieties-WineFolly.jpg" alt="Portugl-Alentejo-Wine-Varieties-WineFolly">
The major grapes of Alentejo in Portugal offer new varieties to discover. </p>
<h3 id="aragonez-tempranillo">Aragonez (Tempranillo)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Known as <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/tempranillo/">Tempranillo</a> in Spain and Tinta Roriz in northern Portugal, Aragonez is a staple in Alentejo blends.</li>
<li>Adapts well to Alentejo’s hot, dry conditions, producing wines with higher alcohol and lower acidity.</li>
<li>Aromatic profile includes cherry, plum, wildflower, and spice; wines are medium to full-bodied with good tannic structure.</li>
<li>Great for lovers of balanced, fruit-driven reds with aging potential.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="trincadeira">Trincadeira</h3>
<ul>
<li>Native to Portugal and especially important in Alentejo.</li>
<li>Produces wines with red fruit aromas and a mineral-earthy quality.</li>
<li>Wines generally have higher acidity and a spicy palate.</li>
<li>This wine is for those who enjoy lively, food-friendly reds.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="alfrocheiro">Alfrocheiro</h3>
<ul>
<li>Adds freshness, color, and acidity to Alentejo blends.</li>
<li>Wines are aromatic, with notes of red berry fruit and baking spice, and offer good aging potential.</li>
<li>Wines made from Alfrocheiro are great for the cellar due to their elevated acidity.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="moreto">Moreto</h3>
<ul>
<li>A lesser-known but distinctive red grape thriving in Alentejo’s heat.</li>
<li>Produces elegant, lighter-bodied reds reminiscent of <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/pinot-noir/">Pinot Noir</a>, yet adapted to the region’s hot climate.</li>
<li>Wines are soft, with subtle fruit and earthy notes, offering something unique for adventurous wine drinkers.</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/15SSX74pmd5lQDAqlNDsgC/357b7271a65af46c19d83dcaf21592b7/Wine-Alentejo-Bold-Reds-Madeline-Puckette.jpg" alt="Wine-Alentejo-Bold-Reds-Madeline-Puckette">
Madeline Puckette regards the “big legs” on Tiago Cabaço’s 100% Alentejo Syrah. </p>
<p>Alentejo’s wines are as diverse as its landscape, offering something for every palate. Whether you’re drawn to fresh, vibrant whites or bold, age-worthy reds, exploring these grape varieties is the perfect way to experience the heart and soul of Portugal’s wine country.</p>


The Grapes Putting Alentejo on the Map

Seneca Lake

Syrah

Exhibiting flavors of berry and red fruit, this delightfully balanced rosé will be sure to please. Pair with cheese, salads and good company.

Syrah Rose

In 1989 Sayre Fulkerson opened Fulkerson Winery with a release of just 1000 cases of wine.  Since then, we have steadily grown production while maintaining a stern focus on quality.  With 125 acres of vineyards planted, our portfolio showcases versatility and our dedication to the terroir of the Finger Lakes.  Our 25+ offerings include everything from Riesling to Cabernet Franc to Gruner Veltliner.  

United States

Fulkerson Winery

Chardonnay

Standing Stone Vineyard Blanc de Blanc

The Wiemer estate spans 90-acres of prime vineyard sites on the western slopes of Seneca Lake and the wines are among the most acclaimed in the region. Estate fruit is hand-harvested and hand-sorted, and vineyard qualities are worked in small lots and then blended to create wines of balance and texture. Fermentations rely on indigenous yeasts to ensure each wine embodies the truest expression of site. Our commitment to place draws on the same forward-thinking techniques and respect for the past that has fueled our mission since Hermann’s first block of Riesling was planted over forty years ago.
Our namesake & founder, Hermann Wiemer, hails from one of the best Riesling producing areas of the world, Bernkastel, Germany. His mother’s family had been making wine in Germany’s Mosel Valley for more than 300 years and Hermann spent the summers of his youth learning to graft by hand. His father had been in charge of the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bernkastel and was responsible for restoring vines in the Mosel region after WWII. Hermann discovered that the cool climate and gravelly soils of the Finger Lakes were similar to his family’s vineyards in the Mosel Valley. At a time when very few thought it was possible to grow vinifera varietals on Seneca Lake, Hermann believed that the unique soil types and moderating weather effects of the Finger Lakes would make it possible to produce great wines here.

In 2003, Hermann’s apprentice Fred Merwarth took charge of winemaking and vineyard management. Fred’s talent and ambition brought fresh energy and vision to the winery, placing it on a new trajectory. In 2007, Hermann officially retired, handing over the winery to Fred, who partnered with his university friend, Swedish agronomist Oskar Bynke, to carry on Hermann’s legacy. Over the last decade, they have embraced and expanded Hermann’s detail-oriented approach to viticulture and winemaking, extensively working on understanding the relationship between the vines and soils of the Finger Lakes.

Hermann J. Wiemer Vineyard

Santorini

Assyrtiko

Barrel Assyrtiko

THE WINERY OF DOMAINE SIGALAS IS NESTLED BETWEEN VINES ON THE ANCIENT SCENIC PLAIN OF OIA

Greece

Domaine Sigalas

Sicilia

Nero d'Avola

Among the scents of the Mediterranean bush and the breathtaking views,
the Colosi family cultivates its vineyards and produces unique wines that tell about Sicily

5 Different Types of Wine

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